LARN Tables
Reccommended nutrient levels
In short
Recommended nutrient intake levels from the Italian Society of Human Nutrition, 1996 revision.
| Category | Age (years)⁽¹⁾ | Weight (kg)⁽²⁾ | Proteins (g)⁽³⁾ | Fatty Acids (g)⁽⁴⁾ | Calcium (mg) | Phosphorous (mg)⁽⁶⁾ | Potassium (mg) | Iron (mg) | Zinc (mg) | Copper (mg) | Selenium (µg) | Iodine (µg)⁽⁹⁾ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ω−3 | ω−6 | ||||||||||||
| Sucklings | 0,5-1 | 7-10 | 15-19 | 0,5 | 4 | 600 | 500 | 800 | 7 | 4 | 0,3 | 8 | 50 |
| Children | 1-3 | 9-16 | 13-23 | 0,7 | 4 | 800 | 800 | 800 | 7 | 4 | 0,4 | 10 | 70 |
| 4-6 | 16-22 | 21-28 | 1 | 4 | 800 | 800 | 1100 | 9 | 6 | 0,6 | 15 | 90 | |
| 7-10 | 23-33 | 29-42 | 1 | 4 | 1000 | 1000 | 2000 | 9 | 7 | 0,7 | 25 | 120 | |
| Males | 11-14 | 35-53 | 44-65 | 1 | 5 | 1200 | 1200 | 3100 | 12 | 9 | 0,8 | 35 | 150 |
| 15-17 | 55-66 | 64-72 | 1,5 | 6 | 1200 | 1200 | 3100 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 45 | 150 | |
| 18-29 | 65 | 62 | 1,5 | 6 | 1000 | 1000 | 3100 | 10 | 10 | 1,2 | 55 | 150 | |
| 30-59 | 65 | 62 | 1,5 | 6 | 800 | 800 | 3100 | 10 | 10 | 1,2 | 55 | 150 | |
| 60+ | 65 | 62 | 1,5 | 6 | 1000 | 1000 | 3100 | 10 | 10 | 1,2 | 55 | 150 | |
| Females | 11-14 | 35-51 | 43-58 | 1 | 4 | 1200 | 1200 | 3100 | 12/18⁽⁷⁾ | 9 | 0,8 | 35 | 150 |
| 15-17 | 52-55 | 56-57 | 1 | 5 | 1200 | 1200 | 3100 | 18 | 7 | 1 | 45 | 150 | |
| 18-29 | 56 | 53 | 1 | 4,5 | 1000 | 1000 | 3100 | 18 | 7 | 1,2 | 55 | 150 | |
| 30-49 | 56 | 53 | 1 | 4,5 | 800 | 800 | 3100 | 18 | 7 | 1,2 | 55 | 150 | |
| 50+ | 56 | 53 | 1 | 4,5 | 1200-1500⁽⁵⁾* | 1000 | 3100 | 10 | 7 | 1,2 | 55 | 150 | |
| Pregnant Women | 59 | 1 | 5* | 1200 | 1200 | 3100 | 30⁽⁸⁾* | 7 | 1,2 | 55 | 175 | ||
| Nurses | 70 | 1 | 5,5 | 1200 | 1200 | 3100 | 18 | 12 | 1,5 | 70 | 200 | ||
| Category | Age (years)⁽¹⁾ | Weight (kg)⁽²⁾ | Proteins (g)⁽³⁾ | Fatty Acids (g)⁽⁴⁾ | Thiamine (mg) | Riboflavin (mg) | Niacin (mg) | Vit. B6 (mg) | Vit. B12 (µg) | Vit. C (mg) | Folate (µg) | Vit. A (µg) | Vit. D (µg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ω−3 | ω−6 | |||||||||||||
| Sucklings | 0,5-1 | 7-10 | 15-19 | 0,5 | 4 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 5 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 35 | 50 | 350 | 10-25* |
| Children | 1-3 | 9-16 | 13-23 | 0,7 | 4 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 9 | 0,7 | 0,7 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 10* |
| 4-6 | 16-22 | 21-28 | 1 | 4 | 0,7 | 1,0 | 11 | 0,9 | 1 | 45 | 130 | 400 | 0-10 | |
| 7-10 | 23-33 | 29-42 | 1 | 4 | 0,9 | 1,2 | 13 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 45 | 150 | 500 | 0-10 | |
| Males | 11-14 | 35-53 | 44-65 | 1 | 5 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 15 | 1,3 | 2 | 50 | 180 | 600 | 0-15 |
| 15-17 | 55-66 | 64-72 | 1,5 | 6 | 1,2 | 1,6 | 18 | 1,5 | 2 | 60 | 200 | 700 | 0-15 | |
| 18-29 | 65 | 62 | 1,5 | 6 | 1,2 | 1,6 | 18 | 1,5 | 2 | 60 | 200 | 700 | 0-10 | |
| 30-59 | 65 | 62 | 1,5 | 6 | 1,2 | 1,6 | 18 | 1,5 | 2 | 60 | 200 | 700 | 0-10 | |
| 60+ | 65 | 62 | 1,5 | 6 | 0,8 | 1,6 | 18 | 1,5 | 2 | 60 | 200 | 700 | 10* | |
| Females | 11-14 | 35-51 | 43-58 | 1 | 4 | 0,9 | 1,2 | 14 | 1,1 | 2 | 50 | 180 | 600 | 0-15 |
| 15-17 | 52-55 | 56-57 | 1 | 5 | 0,9 | 1,3 | 14 | 1,1 | 2 | 60 | 200 | 600 | 0-15 | |
| 18-29 | 56 | 53 | 1 | 4,5 | 0,9 | 1,3 | 14 | 1,1 | 2 | 60 | 200 | 600 | 0-10 | |
| 30-49 | 56 | 53 | 1 | 4,5 | 0,9 | 1,3 | 14 | 1,1 | 2 | 60 | 200 | 600 | 0-10 | |
| 50+ | 56 | 53 | 1 | 4,5 | 0,8 | 1,3 | 14 | 1,1 | 2 | 60 | 200 | 600 | 10* | |
| Pregnant Women | 59 | 1 | 5* | 1 | 1,6 | 14 | 1,3 | 2,2 | 70 | 400⁽¹²⁾* | 700⁽¹⁴⁾ | 10* | ||
| Nurses | 70 | 1 | 5,5 | 1,1 | 1,7 | 16 | 1,4 | 2,6 | 90 | 350 | 950 | 10* | ||
Note
- 1 The upper limit of each age range is meant up to the following birthday (for example "1 - 3 years" means from the first birthday completed up to the fourth). The last age class for women is "50 and over", since menopause changes the requirements of two important nutrients: calcium and iron. For men the last age class is "60 and over".
- 2 For infants, children and adolescents, the weight ranges are the reference values taken from table 1 of the "Energy" chapter: the lower limit corresponds to the weight of females in the lowest age class, while the upper limit corresponds to the weight of males in the highest age class. For adults, the average desirable weight of males and females in the Italian population is reported (see the "Energy" chapter).
- 3 To estimate protein requirements, the Safe Level (SL) was adjusted for the protein quality of the diet and multiplied by the body weights reported in the first column. For both children and adults it is, however, preferable to calculate the requirement based on the weight of the individual or group of individuals, using table 3 of the "Proteins and amino acids" chapter. The weight value to use is the observed one, except for underweight and obese subjects, for whom the desirable weight should be used (see the "Energy" chapter).
- 4 The requirement for ω-6 fatty acids increases after the 10th week of pregnancy.
- 5 In post-menopausal women a calcium intake of 1200 to 1500 mg is recommended in the absence of estrogen therapy. With estrogen therapy, the requirement is the same as for elderly men (1000 mg).
- 6 With the exception of infants, the recommended intake of phosphorus is equal in grams to that of calcium, which corresponds to a phosphorus/calcium molar ratio of 1/1.3.
- 7 The recommended iron intake is 18 mg for menstruating adolescent girls and 12 mg for the others.
- 8 The iron intake in pregnancy that corresponds to the lowest fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality cannot easily be met with a balanced diet, so supplementation is recommended.
- 9 Since the diet is often deficient in iodine, the use of iodine-enriched salt is recommended to cover requirements.
- 10 Niacin is expressed as niacin equivalents, as it also includes endogenous niacin synthesized from tryptophan (1 mg of niacin derives from about 60 mg of tryptophan).
- 11 The vitamin B6 requirement was calculated on the basis of 15 µg/g of protein intake and considering that about 15% of energy intake is provided by proteins in both children and adults.
- 12 An increased folate intake in the periconceptional period is a protective factor against spina bifida in the unborn child.
- 13 Vitamin A is expressed in µg of retinol equivalents (R.E. = 1 µg of retinol = 6 µg of beta-carotene = 12 µg of other active carotenoids).
- 14 During pregnancy, due to the known teratogenic effects of possible excessive doses, vitamin A supplements should be taken only on medical advice, and in any case at doses not exceeding 6 mg R.E.
- 15 For vitamin D, ranges that include zero indicate that the population group considered should be able to produce an adequate amount of vitamin D following exposure to sunlight. The higher value of the range is the estimated recommended intake for individuals with minimal endogenous synthesis. A single value indicates that it is prudent, for all subjects in the class considered, to take (through diet or supplementation) the indicated amount of vitamin D.
- * To meet these requirements it may sometimes be advisable to consume fortified foods or to complete the dietary intake with supplementation.